Operation Desert Storm Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Operation Desert Storm - Research Paper Example Saddam Hussein gave orders to his army to invade the small country of Kuwait. During the invasion, Iraq was well equipped with the latest technology weapons they got from the United States. Initially, the United States had provided massive military aid to Iraq for their protection. It was a wrong move from the country as this saw Iraq uses the weapons to attack people of Kuwait. The US Military together with other countries’ military had to go stop the invasion, and it resulted in a big war (USHistory.Org., 2015). The US Military had a good preparation before going to the war of evicting Iraq soldiers from Kuwait. The problem is that the military was not well prepared for the aftermath of the invasion. The army did not know what to do in case their efforts failed. The Army also wanted to end Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship in Iraq and his support for terrorism (Dale, 2009). The approach of the United States is giving Saddam Hussein an ultimatum about leaving Kuwait was no t right. Saddam Hussein and his troops were to leave Kuwait on January 15, 1991. They did not follow the orders. Thus, US Military released its attack on the people. There was massive bombing of the Iraq’s military camps for a few weeks. There are arguments that suggest the US government was feeling threatened by Iraq as they had intelligence suggesting Iraq could have been making weapons of mass destruction. The objectives of the government attacking Iraq were wrong placed that is why the mission did not get good execution (Waldman, 2005). The other countries involved had opposition to Iraq, but did not attack with the same force as the US Army. There were other countries in the United Nations that did not find enough evidence to attack Iraq’s army thus did not participate. The military that invaded Kuwait to attack Iraq were well prepared for the invasion, but the problem is that they did not

Vivienne Westwood Designer Report Essay Example for Free

Vivienne Westwood Designer Report Essay Vivienne Westwood, born on April 8 1941 is a British fashion Designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream. (Price) Westwood was born Vivienne Isabel Swire in the village of Tintwistle Derbyshire, daughter of Gordon Swire and Dora Swire. At age 17, Vivienne and her family moved to Harrow, London. She studied at the Harrow School of Art University of Westminster, taking fashion and silversmithing but she left after one term saying, â€Å"I didn’t know how a working class girl like me could possibly make a living in the art world. After taking a job in a factory and studying at a teacher training college, she became a primary school teacher. During this period, she also created her own jewelry which she would sell at a stall on Portobello Road in London (Susannah) In 1961 at age 20, Vivienne Swire met Derek Westwood, a Hoover factory apprentice in Harrow. They married in July 1962 and Vivienne made her own wedding dress for the ceremony. Vivienne and Derek’s marriage lasted three years with Vivienne continuing to teach while making jewelry. At around this time she met Malcolm McLaren (Susannah) When she met Malcolm McLaren, it signified the end of Westwoods marriage to Derek. Westwood and McLaren moved to a council flat in Clapham. Westwood continued to teach until 1971 when Malcolm decided to open a boutique at 430 Kings Road called Let It Rock (later known variously as Sex, Too Fast to Live Too Young to Die, and Seditionaries† and now Worlds Ends, where Westwood sells her Vivienne Westwood label clothing. Westwood created clothes which McLaren conceived, drawing inspiration from bikers, fetishists and prostitutes. During this period, McLaren became manager of the punk band Sex Pistols and subsequently the two garnered attention as the band wore Westwood and McLarens designs. Westwood was deeply interested in the punk fashion phenomenon of the 1970s, saying I was messianic about punk, seeing if one could put a spoke in the system in some way. (Alejandra) The punk style included BDSM fashion, bondage gear, safety pins, razor blades, bicycle or lavatory chains on clothing and spiked dog collars for jewelry, as well as outrageous make-up and hair. Essential design elements include the adoption of traditional elements of Scottish esign such as tartan fabric. In the 1980s, John Fairchild named the young Westwood one of the six most influential designers of our times in his fashion bible, the Womens Wear Daily. Her first catwalk show was presented in 1981, featuring the collaboration of Westwood and McLaren. The theme that year was Pirates. Since then, she has won British Designer of the Year three times. (The Design Museum) She dubbed the period 1981 to 1985, new romantic and 1988 -1991 The Pagan Years during which Vivienne’s heroes changed from punks and ragamuffins to ‘Tatler’ girls wearing clothes that parodied the upper class. The period from 1993 to 1999 she called Anglomania and from 2000 to the present – Exploration. Vivienne Westwood revolutionized fashion, and her impact can still be felt. Her clothes are full of historical references, particularly to the 17th and 18th century, which serve as an inexhaustible source of inspiration for her. In addition, with her own technique for draping and pattern cutting, Westwood creates clothes with a characteristic volume, continually amazing her public. As for her latest collection, the pieces continue to reveal her glam, rock and rebel spirit. More now than ever, the designer was also chosen by Disneyland Paris and Unicef (along with 24 other designers) to relook the fairy tale princesses. The most fortunate among us who dream of a haute couture princess gown will be able to procure Snow Whites dress by Vivienne Westwood. Vivienne Westwoods influence in her taste for the eccentric and the provocative can be found today at John Galliano, Alexander McQueen, Stella McCartney and even Viktor Rolf. These stylists attended the school of she who once declared, My secret? Always keep them guessing

College Students and Stress Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Es

College Students and Stress      Ã‚   Today a college education can overload students with too many stressful situations. Not only does Stress overload today's college students, but it is also the leading cause of personality disorders. In her essay, Cathy Bell explains that major depressive disorder strikes 5-12% of men and 10-20% of women; half of these people will have more than one occurrence and 15% of them will commit suicide ("Depression for the young"). For instance, many depressives are first recognized and treated during their years in college. For a large amount of people, depression exposes itself because of traumatizing experiences, such as leaving home and/or academic stress. For other students alcohol and drugs become a first time experience.    Now pile on top of all that academic stress, bad eating and sleeping habits with no exercise. Bell makes it known that the average first time sufferer is about 25 years of age, yet depressive disorders seem to be continually rising among teenagers. Suicide is now the third leading cause of deaths between the ages of 15-24 years old ("Depression in the Young"). The Counseling Center for Human Development explains their definition of stress, stress can be defined as the way in which your mind and body react to any situation that is new, threatening or exciting. Often, backaches, loss of appetite, constant fatigue, depression, and serious physical problems can result from prolonged stress.    However stress can also give you an extra burst of energy-more adrenaline enters the bloodstream, heart and breathing rates increase, blood flow quickens, and muscle strength improves. Learning to harness this energy can help you meet the physical challenges, solve problems... ...tp://www.emufam.org/~cmbell/depress/depstud.html Counseling Center for Human Development. Coping with Stress in College. U of South Florida. 3 Dec. 2000. http://usfweb.usf.edu/counsel/self-hlp/stress.htm "Depression: Facts, Definitions, and Statistics." Statistics. Colorado HealthSite. 3 Dec. 2000. http://www.coloradoheakthnet.org/depression/depression_facts.htm Franklin, Donald J., Ph.D. Psychology Information Online. 3 Dec. 2000. http://psychologyinfo.com/deression/causes.html Health Tips for College Students. 14 Jul. 1999. MayoClinic. 3 Dec. 2000. http://www/mayohealth.org/mayo/9609/htm/college.htm Knight, Chris. Personal Interview. 27 Nov. 2000. Posen, David B., MD. "Stress Management for Patient and Physician." The Canadian Journal of Continuing Medical Education. Apr. 1995. 3 Dec. 2000. http://www/mentalhealth.com/mag1/p51-str.html

Football salary Essay

Many people think that footballers are paid too much money for doing too little effort. However, this can be argues because they are people who have dedicated their entire life to this sport and therefore they should be rewarded. But in the end there is lots of people need that money to survive and get some food and clean water. The money which is given to players should be reduced because what they do isn’t worth all the money they get. Because the average salary of a professional football player of February 2010 was listed at about $1.8 million year (Mandi R Hall, www.ehow.com). There are also other people that have worked harder throughout their lives by working and studying. Players perform a sport where they do not save anyone’s life unlike doctors who study for 6 consecutive years, work for several hours, and literally save people’s lives. But the problem is even doctors they don’t gut that high salary like the average in 2009 for doctors in the US was $226,000/ year (mdsalaries.blogspot.com). There are also other careers like police officers who devote their lives to provide a safe community. A single football player receives high amounts of money where half of this amount could be spent on medical supplies, help have a better education, and also help many needy people. Because billing school for example â€Å"The Williamstown Public School in Williamstown, Massachusetts is an old school, so they are currently building a new one. It costs $14.5 million and it will house 650 students maximum. The Williamstown Public School is about three times bigger than Mark’s Meadow. Since our school is about 1/3 smaller, it would cost about 1/3 less money to build. $14.5 million divided by three equals about $4.8 million† (arps.org).The player’s effort is insignificant and worthless compare to the amount of they get. The reasons why they should not be paid as much as they do, are: Children should be in better schools have a higher degree of education, people who work harder should get better salaries, the money people sent in football as a whole should be used better on investment or donations.

Spiritual Warfare

The â€Å"helmet of Salvation† and the â€Å"breastplate of Righteousness† are included in the Messianic prophecy of Isaiah 59:17. A Roman Soldier was known as a legionary. There were also other Roman Soldiers called auxiliaries who included the Roman Cavalry. Roman Soldiers came from all over the Roman Empire. Their job was to defend Rome and fight to conquer new lands to add to the Roman Empire. Roman Soldiers, once they joined the Roman Army had to serve for twenty-five years. Roman Soldiers served in a unit known as a century. If a Roman Soldier was promoted to be the leader of a century of soldiers he was known as a Centurion. A century of Roman Soldiers consisted of approxiamately 80 men – so to be a Centurion and lead this many men was an important job in the Roman Army. Roman Soldiers were only promoted to be Centurions if they were clever, brave, good fighters and obeyed orders. There were 59 centuries of Roman Soldiers in a legion. In total the Roman Army consisted of about 30 legions. A Roman soldier's three main weapons were a short sword for stabbing, called a Gladius, a long iron, throwing spear called a Pilum, and a large rectangular shield. The shield was used for defence, to protect the Roman Soldiers body but also could be a very effective weapon, when needed. Roman Soldiers had to carry their own weapons, food and camping and sleeping equipment. They often had to march up to twenty miles a day carrying all this so it was important that they were strong and fit. Roman Soldiers trained together and were prepared for battle. They learned strategies and tactics to enable them to fight together as a single unit. Spiritual Warfare At birth, the devil begins to comprise a plan to keep us away from the will of God that is already established for our lives. The devil shows us this even in the story of Job, when he was in the presence of God and was asked where he came from, he responded by saying, to and fro, seeking who I may devour. The enemy is seeking constantly who he can keep out of the Kingdom and render ineffective.This affects evangelism head on, because if he can render us ineffective, he can cause our witness to be tampered with. Just think, you know in your personal lives that there are people who claim to be Christians and their lifestyles do not add up. Once they begin to minister or evangelize, their witness is tampered by their actions or lifestyle thus rendering them ineffective. The Devil has many devices that he uses to fight us and to try to render us Ineffective. He always uses accusations to hold us back from evangelize.You know the times hen he brought up your past which caused you to pay m ore attention to your past than your present state of forgiveness. He uses temptation to keep us away from God's will. The Devil knows exactly what causes you to take your mind off God and he will keep that in front of you constantly. He uses deception to make us doubt our effectiveness and distraction to keep our minds off of the things of God. We cannot fight the Devil with physical weaponry, however, we combat the enemy through prayer, fasting, and reading the Word of God.We render the devices of the enemy Ineffective once we keep God In the forefront. We cannot be effective In evangelism If we allow the Devil to wrap our minds around him. That Is his ultimate goal, to keep our minds on him and our downfalls. He realizes that If he does not fight us that we can and will destroy his kingdom. For the scriptures even say, â€Å"Greater Is He that Is In me, than he that Is In the world. † Meaning, that If God resides on the Inside, I already have the victory.

Odd

Odd Old Man And The Sea II Out of every single book that is in the ninth grade curriculum there is only one that is worth keeping. This one novel is The Old Man and the Sea. Other books students have read throughout the course of the year include; Death Be Not Proud, To Kill A Mocking Bird, Romeo and Juliet, and finally The Odyssey. These books were extremely tedious, hard to follow, and most of the time something students see as a "chore." Reading should not be a "chore" in the mind of the student. When a student goes to read a book assigned by his teacher he or she should want to pick up the book because they find it interesting. The only book that made a student want to pick it up was The Old Man and The Sea because of its reference to religion, its deep relationship between certain characters, and, because of its intensity in most events.Original book cover

Conjugating the French Verb Réfléchir

Conjugating the French Verb Rà ©flà ©chir Rà ©flà ©cher  is the verb that means to reflect or to think in French. Its a rather easy one to remember because it resembles the English word reflect. French students will also be happy to know that this is a pretty easy verb conjugation. After this lesson, youll know the most basic ways to use  rà ©flà ©chir  in the present, past, and future tenses. The Basic Conjugations of  Rà ©flà ©chir Verb conjugations allow us to give French verbs like rà ©flà ©chir meanings such as I reflected in the past tense or she is reflecting in the present tense. While French does make you memorize more forms of each verb than English does, you can use what youve already learned with other verbs to study this one. Rà ©flà ©chir  is a  regular -ir verb, so it uses a very common conjugation pattern that tells us which ending to use. First, however, you must recognize the verb stem:  rà ©flà ©ch-. Using that and the chart below, find the correct ending by looking for the subject pronoun and the tense that matches your subject. For example, I am reflecting is  je rà ©flà ©chis  and we will reflect is  nous rà ©flà ©chirons. Present Future Imperfect je rà ©flà ©chis rà ©flà ©chirai rà ©flà ©chissais tu rà ©flà ©chis rà ©flà ©chiras rà ©flà ©chissais il rà ©flà ©chit rà ©flà ©chira rà ©flà ©chissait nous rà ©flà ©chissons rà ©flà ©chirons rà ©flà ©chissions vous rà ©flà ©chissez rà ©flà ©chirez rà ©flà ©chissiez ils rà ©flà ©chissent rà ©flà ©chiront rà ©flà ©chissaient The Present Participle of  Rà ©flà ©chir The present participle of rà ©flà ©chir is formed by adding -ssant to the verb stem. This results in the word rà ©flà ©chissant. Rà ©flà ©chir  in the Compound Past Tense For the past tense, you can use the imperfect, though the passà © composà © is a good option as well. Its a compound that requires you to conjugate the auxiliary verb avoir to the present tense, then attach the past participle rà ©flà ©chi. For example, I thought is jai rà ©flà ©chi and we thought is nous avons rà ©flà ©chi. More Simple Conjugations of  Rà ©flà ©chir While the conjugations above should be your first priority because theyre used most often, there are a few more you may need to know. For instance, the subjunctive is used when you have a question about the act of thinking. Likewise,  the conditional says that someone will think only if something else also happens. Though theyre not used as often, it is a good idea to also know the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rà ©flà ©chisse rà ©flà ©chirais rà ©flà ©chis rà ©flà ©chisse tu rà ©flà ©chisses rà ©flà ©chirais rà ©flà ©chis rà ©flà ©chisses il rà ©flà ©chisse rà ©flà ©chirait rà ©flà ©chit rà ©flà ©chà ®t nous rà ©flà ©chissions rà ©flà ©chirions rà ©flà ©chà ®mes rà ©flà ©chissions vous rà ©flà ©chissiez rà ©flà ©chiriez rà ©flà ©chà ®tes rà ©flà ©chissiez ils rà ©flà ©chissent rà ©flà ©chiraient rà ©flà ©chirent rà ©flà ©chissent If you need to use  rà ©flà ©chir  in short commands or requests,  the imperative form  is useful. This is the one instance when its perfectly acceptable to skip the subject pronoun. You can shorten  nous rà ©flà ©chissons  to  rà ©flà ©chissons. Imperative (tu) rà ©flà ©chis (nous) rà ©flà ©chissons (vous) rà ©flà ©chissez

5 Types of Errors in Parallel Construction of Sentences

5 Types of Errors in Parallel Construction of Sentences 5 Types of Errors in Parallel Construction of Sentences 5 Types of Errors in Parallel Construction of Sentences By Mark Nichol There are numerous ways to inadvertently derail a sentence by failing to provide consistent structure to parallel elements. The following sentences illustrate various types of pitfalls and how they can be avoided. 1. These audits are performed on both an ongoing basis or as part of due diligence. Both is appropriate (but not required) when a second choice is mentioned in addition but not when the reference is in opposition, as here: â€Å"These audits are performed on an ongoing basis or as part of due diligence.† 2. The snakes will be safe from human interference, will have ideal places to hibernate, and plenty of mice and chipmunks to eat. Each of the three phrases in this sentence requires a verb at the head of the phrase: â€Å"The snakes will be safe from human interference, will have ideal places to hibernate, and will have plenty of mice and chipmunks to eat.† 3. Other exhibits include rare movies about San Francisco, a primer on nineteenth-century architecture as well as the twentieth-century history of the city’s gay and lesbian community. â€Å"As well as† is not simply an equivalent substitute for and; it is appropriate only when adding a subordinate clause to a main clause. Also, because the first two items do not constitute a list, they must be connected with a conjunction rather than separated by punctuation: â€Å"Other exhibits include rare movies about San Francisco and a primer on nineteenth-century architecture, as well as the twentieth-century history of the city’s gay and lesbian community.† 4. His latest controversial product didn’t receive as much backlash as expected, but hundreds of orders. The counterpoint in this sentence must, to be parallel, consist of an independent clause, complete with a subject and a verb: â€Å"His latest controversial product didn’t receive as much backlash as expected, but it did result in hundreds of orders.† 5. They must either win Tuesday night or Saturday night to return to the finals. The conjunction either should follow the verb: â€Å"They must win either Tuesday night or Saturday night to return to the finals.† (An exception is if each choice in this sentence is preceded by its own verb, as in â€Å"They must either win Tuesday night or prevail Saturday night to return to the finals.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 140 Fish IdiomsBail Out vs. Bale Out

The role of surgery and methotrexate in treating ectopic pregnancy Research Paper

The role of surgery and methotrexate in treating ectopic pregnancy - Research Paper Example ide from being the leading causes of maternal deaths, roughly 30% of women who had an ectopic pregnancy could experience difficulty getting pregnant (Sember 2007) whereas 40% of women who had ectopic pregnancy will lose their capacity to conceive again (Chow et al. 1987). To give the readers a better idea about the research topic, this report will first provide information regarding the epidemiology of ectopic pregnancy, definition of medical terms, types of ectopic pregnancy, and aims and objective of the study. Women who happened to experience going through the process of ectopic pregnancy are not only concerned about the high cost of treatments and their future fertility. For this reason, this report will focus on discussing the cost effectiveness and the impact of two surgical procedures (laparoscopy and laparotomy) and Methotrexate on women’s future fertility. Because of higher incidence of risk factors and lower incidence of protective factors, Chow et al. (1987) revealed that there is an increasing trend of ectopic pregnancy has been noted in different parts of the world including the United States over the last two decades. Specifically in Australia, the incidence wherein a woman can experience ectopic pregnancy is around 16.2 per 1,000 births (Boufous et al. 2001). Since ectopic pregnancies could lead to mortality, immediate medical interventions such as surgical procedures like laparoscopy and laparotomy including pharmacological intervention using Methotrexate is necessary to save the lives of expecting mothers. In line with this, laparoscopy, ultrasound procedures, and assay for human chorionic gonadotropin can be use in detecting early stages of ectopic pregnancy (Kurjak and Arenas, 2005, pp. 273 – 280; Chow et al. 1987). Although laparoscopy can be used in detecting ectopic pregnancy at an early stage, the use of this type of surgical method is not a requirement since ectopic pregnancy can be diagnosed with transvaginal scan combined with

Rhetorical Analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Rhetorical Analyses - Essay Example many underage girls) and (pressured to be skinny), which are obviously derived from personal beliefs that she garners, as well as that of society’s on the whole. Featherstone eventually evaluates magazines such as Blue Jean, Teen Voices, Hues and Reluctant Hero that are certified to provide far more fruitful and substantial content. Featherstone seeks for the ‘realness’ in these magazines that play in the minds of young juvenile minds but does not find any, thus resorting to a bit sullen but far sophisticated magazines on the shelves. The author’s arguments clearly indicates her preferences for the teen girls’ reading materials through the provision of examples and citing relevant support from identified slogans, celebrities, and choice of feature articles that were believed to evoke the readers’ emotional response. Featherstone contends for a woman who has her own voice over that which is lent. Her liking toward magazines such as Blue Jean is reason enough to understand that she shoots over the voices of ‘women activists’ whom she considers to be quite a rage for the propaganda of these magazines. On reading further about TEEN VOICES she voices her concerns about the delicate nature of the age and the need for advice regarding ‘Teen Pregnancies’ and ‘body mutilations’ which are common occurrences in society. She pleas the nubile Teens to look further than ones external appearances; to climb out of their fashion closets and discover a more meaningful world. Her choice of vocabulary is pretty strong and goes from easy-to-read to difficult-to-comprehend-the-context, and has a rather defying logical order. This is definitely an appeal to ‘logos’, to derive the right emotion through channelizing the content into a definite lopsided argument. For example; a paragraph describing Blue Jean, for instance, begins with a logical description of the magazine which was confusing the reader on what really was the message about. Featherstone

Architecture, Design, and Public Space of Country Music Clubs across Thesis

Architecture, Design, and Public Space of Country Music Clubs across America - Thesis Example The architecture of the country music clubs become a space that reflects the identity of those interested in the music as well as the depiction which is related to the concepts portrayed in the music. When examining the history, relevance to social identity and the fabrication of country music, it can be seen that the architecture and ideology of the genre is a direct reflection of the identity of what is now known as the country scene. History of Country Music The beginning of country music was first seen in the Deep South and was associated with the Southern culture, specifically among slaves. This derived from the folk songs which many slaves sang while on the plantations, specifically which were used with the understanding that one could overcome the difficult times and problems which persisted in the situation which most were in. The slave songs which were created led to the blues and jazz music, pieces of music which were known specifically among the African – American p opulation and which were based on the hardships of living in the south. Country music was a spin – off of the blues, specifically which came from the musical techniques that were used and the arrangements of the songs. It was also found that elements of blue grass and folk were incorporated into the sound, specifically which came from individuals living in the high country of the South and which were building a life from the land. More importantly, the country music depicted the same concept of hardships that were associated with the blues and with the country living in the South (Ellison, 12). By 1923, the concept of country music began to evolve in the south, mostly with the evolution of the blues music. Atlanta, Louisville, Texas and other southern areas began to use the music for barn dances and entertainment. This stretched to Chicago and to New York City with the same ideology. When the Great Depression began, many began to focus on the concept of country music, specifi cally because of its relationship to overcoming hardships needed at the time. From this, the concept of country music became commercialized with barn dances, entertainment and with radio recordings of musicians who reflected overcoming the difficulties of the time. By the 1940s, areas such as Kentucky and Tennessee took these ideas and changed it into a popular genre to depict country living and styles which related to blues, bluegrass music, folk music and earlier entertainment o the time. These traditions led into country music being a part of the southern culture and depicting the lifestyle through the 1960s (Ellison, 15). The concept of country music evolved through the 1960s with the other types of music which were a part of the time. The commercialization during this time led to new sounds that were depicted, specifically which combined the electronic instruments of the time frame, rock arrangements which were popular throughout America and the combined musical progressions of blues and jazz. During this time, the Country Music Foundation also became a part of the history, specifically which was associated with finding ways to popularize the music and to give musicians opportunities for performances and recordings. This led the country music style through the current day and to those interested in the specific sounds of the music. The depictions from other forms of music is based on the musical

Community Health Nursing assignment #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Health Nursing #2 - Assignment Example An initial fundamental strategy entails structuring nursing curricula to embrace cultural sensitivity. Professionals within culturally competent health care systems should have adequate training in relation to providing care services to persons with varies beliefs, heritage, behaviors, and attitudes. Besides training and structuring culturally sensitive professionals, health care systems should embrace diversity by employing professionals from different cultural backgrounds (Clark, 2008). Primary strategies relates to environmental protection programs and initiatives aimed at preserving natural resources. For instance, nurses can carry out campaigns aimed at energy conservation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Secondary strategies include may include carrying disease and unhealthy environmental screening strategies aimed at reducing prevalence or increasing sensitivity towards. For instance, screening and testing community water for presence of lead would help prevent heavy metal poisoning. Tertiary strategies entails collective responsibility of families, nurses, and probably political campaigns aimed at carrying out civic education for environmentally caused health problems. It is the role of a community health nurses to carry out awareness and educate their clients of better strategies to curb environmental health issues (Clark, 2008) Basic knowledge in health issues by community members is imperative in ensuring successful health promotions and education. Persons with health literacy easily understand nursing language and consequently aid in realization of improved health. Such remains possible as the community participate actively in health promotions and education. In the process of organizing for community empowerment, imperative elements applied include research, evaluation, rehabilitation, healthy living promotion, health problems prevention, and rehabilitation

Bounded Rationality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bounded Rationality - Assignment Example Bounded rationality is a decision-making theory developed by Simon Herbert which postulates that the rationality of the decision maker is limited by a number of factors such as the amount of information available to the individual, the constraint of time among other factors. Simon identified three difficulties which people face while making a decision. To begin with, there is the difficulty of limited knowledge of any particular decision which the person may make. Because of this, a person may not be able to optimally know the best decision to make at a certain time because they do not know the range of outcomes (negative or positive) which will emanate from the decision. The second difficulty a decision maker may face is the fact that even for those consequences which they may be able to predict, there is no guarantee that the outcome will be exactly the same as anticipated by the decision maker. The third constraint is the constraint of the number of options which the decision make r can use. Simon’s model stands in sharp contrast to Charles Lindblom’s theory which used incrementalism to explain decision making (Simon, p. 38). As the author says â€Å"Simon's model of bounded rationality also stands in sharp contrast to the rational choice model. In its purest form, this model assumes that individuals making decisions know their preferences, are able to consider all possible alternatives and can anticipate the full set of consequences that will flow from each alternative† (Simon, p38). However, according to Simon â€Å"Whatever model might be employed by decision makers in an ideal world, satisfaction seems to be the one most of them use in the real world† (Simon, p. 39).

Community Health Nursing assignment #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Health Nursing #2 - Assignment Example An initial fundamental strategy entails structuring nursing curricula to embrace cultural sensitivity. Professionals within culturally competent health care systems should have adequate training in relation to providing care services to persons with varies beliefs, heritage, behaviors, and attitudes. Besides training and structuring culturally sensitive professionals, health care systems should embrace diversity by employing professionals from different cultural backgrounds (Clark, 2008). Primary strategies relates to environmental protection programs and initiatives aimed at preserving natural resources. For instance, nurses can carry out campaigns aimed at energy conservation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Secondary strategies include may include carrying disease and unhealthy environmental screening strategies aimed at reducing prevalence or increasing sensitivity towards. For instance, screening and testing community water for presence of lead would help prevent heavy metal poisoning. Tertiary strategies entails collective responsibility of families, nurses, and probably political campaigns aimed at carrying out civic education for environmentally caused health problems. It is the role of a community health nurses to carry out awareness and educate their clients of better strategies to curb environmental health issues (Clark, 2008) Basic knowledge in health issues by community members is imperative in ensuring successful health promotions and education. Persons with health literacy easily understand nursing language and consequently aid in realization of improved health. Such remains possible as the community participate actively in health promotions and education. In the process of organizing for community empowerment, imperative elements applied include research, evaluation, rehabilitation, healthy living promotion, health problems prevention, and rehabilitation

Macroeconomic Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomic Policy - Essay Example Producers buy raw materials, machinery and equipment as well as stores and spare parts for machinery fro trading agencies and consumers buy practically all articles required for their daily use from traders. Goods are produced on a large scale in anticipation of demand. The markets for products are now spread over the length and breadth of the country and even extended to countries across the international borders. Hence direct sale of goods by the producers to the consumers is not possible. Without the help of traders and merchants engaged in trade it would be impossible for the system of large-scale production to continue. The trader involved in the actual operation of purchasing goods from producers and selling them to consumers. Traders and consumers are interdependent. Trade is of great significance for production as well as consumption of goods. It is through trade that goods produced at particular places are equitably distributed among users. With the help of trade goods are made available to consumers at the time of their need. It removes the hindrance of persons by bringing together producers and consumers who are widely scattered. Inflation rises due to many reasons. The reason might be political, economical or social that influences overall economy of the country. Economic protectionism also contributes to the rise in inflation. There are two types of economic protectionism. The first protection in trade is represented in establishing a system of rates and tariffs in favour of domestic production and discourages foreign imports. This kind of protection is desired to encourage establishment of industrial base by saving small and infant industries against the competition of larger and well-established firms in abroad. The second economic protectionism is a post world war -II phenomenon that is related to the proprietorship as businesses by foreign traders and investors. Multinational companies have been set up after world war-II due to immense investments of foreigners. Multinational companies thought that they could evade tariff restrictors by introducing their own branches plants and subsidiaries, which allowed them to go to markets, mobilise resources and capital and get favours with the government. These kinds of investments have created to the economic nationalism due to expansion of multinational companies. The foreign owned companies could not take central position over economic decisions from their head office from outside. The economists are compelled to demand for bringing out a legislation to oversee the activities and restrain the growth of foreign ownership. International trade brings rich dividends and imposing restrictions to such exchanges will hinder the further improvement and in realising the

The morality of hunting Essay Example for Free

The morality of hunting Essay Do animals have feelings? We may never know for sure, but for those of us who think they do, there are animal rights groups. For those of us who dont think so, or just dont care, theres indifference and theres hunting. The morality of sport and commercial hunting has been in question for centuries. I could open a economy size can of worms about fox hunting in England, whale hunting in Japan, and tiger hunting in Africa. I think its safe to say that most of us are supportive of protecting endangered species, but what about the plentiful fauna of Missouri? Chock full of birds, fish, deer, and rodents, should they be protected as well? In November of 1997, singer Fiona Apple teamed up with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), to speak out against Butterball and their How To Cook A Turkey Hotline. Please join me in calling Butterball, implored Apple, to tell them there is no proper way to kill and cook these beautiful birds. Okay, so maybe you love animals but youre not a vegetarian. The next question is about the affects of one killed or injured animal on many. Take deer for example. Many hunters claim that any deer that escapes from a hunt later returns to the herd without suffering any ill effects. Even if they dont get away, there is no damage done to the population and the hunters have done nothing but their part in keeping populations to a healthy low. Apparently, according to the League Against Cruel Sports, this is entirely untrue. The babies that eventually die of starvation are lost along with their mothers. They also same that by the end of a long day of running for their life, the deer may have lost so much body heat that they succumb to hypothermia and pneumonia. Another cause of deer fatalities during hunting season is myopathy, which is due to the stress and over-exertion of a long pursuit. The lactic acid builds up, which causes extreme pain, it breaks down muscle tissue. Death finally comes, usually as a result of kidney failure. The organizations website also lists a pack of lies. They are quotes which many have believed to be true but by scientific evidence and statistics, really arent. Farmers currently tolerate deer on their farms and suffer consequent crop losses because the deer provide them with ? sport as a compensation. Without this incentive, farmers would not tolerate deer on their land and would shoot the deer lawfully by day and unlawfully at night. The League disproves this by a poll taken in February 1985 which found that 58% of farmers either opposed or had no view on hunting Of course there are may others who would argue this. One of them being C. M. Dixon whose website is entitled The Banning Of Hunting Is An Affront To Freedom. Here Dixon states that, The concept of personal freedom means the ability to choose ones lifestyle activities and pursue those activities without hindrance from other individuals or the state? While I can quite understand that a number of people find the concept of hunting objectionable, in order for such a ban to have merit in a free and democratic society, the proponents must go one step further and demonstrate why the continued pursuit of hunting is contrary to the public interest or that those members of our society that indulge in hunting are impinging on the freedom of others. This they cannot do. While he is commenting on a proposed ban on fox hunting in England, his views are relevant here. Dont agree with his opinion? Heres a fact. Without hunting, wildlife populations will grow to an unhealthy size and the same number of animals that would have been killed during hunting season, if not more, will die slow deaths of disease and starvation. They will invade farmland and cross roads to get there. Although one of these probably affects you indirectly, and the other one affects you as directly as a set of antlers through your windshield.

Reflective Essay on Stress Management

Reflective Essay on Stress Management Wong Wing Sze Nowadays, many Hong Kong people have stress, which are come from some external factors likes some changes, difficulties or challenges in their life, such as change of job, examination, marital problem whatever in any age group. Apart from external factors, internal factors may also causing stress such as personality, thinking style, attitude in facing problem and ability to relax, etc. Some people may think that stress is something negative that needs to be got rid of. In fact, an adequate level of pressure can motivate us perform well in our work, study or other areas in our life and enhance our efficiency, also when face some problems, we may seek for solutions. However, when stress level are too high or under prolonged stress may have negative effect, for example, decrease our efficiency, job performance and harm for our psychological health. In this course, stress management is the most impressive topic that i have learned, as I am a student, I always face a lot of stress in my study life likes examination, assignment, presentation. At this time, I will afraid that the result, how can I do it well, so many reasons causing stress. I am agree that too high level of pressure may decrease efficiency, I have the experience of deadline fighter, it means work hard just before the deadline. At this time, I am fear that I cannot complete my assignment before the deadline, so I am very careless in my work, such as in the data research part, I just found from internet and only come from 2-3 websites and then write it. Eventually, the final result is bad as it is not deeply to analyze the data, it shows that the pressure affects my performance. After I learned how to release stress, I never delay a job task until the last minute. According to the research fromRegus, World-renowned office solutions provider in 2012, it shows that Mainland China workers work pressure level is the highest in the world. 16,000 people in the workplace of 80 countries and regions, they think that the pressure is higher than last year. 75% is Mainland China and 55% is Hong Kong, which are rank the first and the forth, it have exceeded the global average of 48%. As we want to develop economic and enhance social development in a very short period to contend with other nations, hope that become a powerful country in economic and culture aspects, such things can causing pressure. Besides, happy sex life can release pressure, according to the study of Pfizer, Hong Kong people have sex an average is only 3.55 times per month, compared with the most romantic French is less than half, while most people are dissatisfied with their sex life. Expert analysed that poor diet, stress and smoking can affect performance in sex life. Expert explaine d that Asians being poor diet, smoking and the pressure of life is directly affecting the sex performance. Hong Kong is the one example. DR Kwan Ka Mei, Betty said that Hong Kong people live in stress, many people suffer from insomnia or mood disorders, some workers in order to avoid dismissal by company, sacrifice sleep time and sex time. What’s more, a research done by Readers Digest about politeness, the survey conducted in 35 countries have published the magazine and regions with three tests as indicators, including the local people will open the door for others, while shopping, salesclerk will say â€Å"Thank You† or not and fall document in a busy street, passer-by will help to tidy up initiatively or not etc. The result show that Hong Kong people rank in 25th in this 35 countries. Some scholars think that Hong Kong people have much stress of life is one of reason cause to impolite. Professor Eva Kit Wah Man, the Head of the Humanities Programme and a professor o f the Religion Philosophy Department of Hong Kong Baptist University said that because the people in Hong Kong have life stress, emotion will vent to someone else such as buying things will vent to the salesman. The above cases shows that the people in Hong Kong always face lots of stress from work, family, study, so they are really need to learn how to release stress. For example, having reasonable demands and expectations on self, cultivating a good work habit, taking a new perspective in your thinking, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and adequate sleep hygiene, doing relaxation exercises regularly, it can can life well. Managing stress and health in gender are different, female are more acutely aware of their stress than men. Even male and female suffer the same reason of stress, women are more likely to report symptoms of stress than male. For example, fatigue, feeling nervous or anxious, overwhelmed, depressed or sad, like crying, lacking interest, motivation or energy, having headaches, changes in sleeping habits, e.g., oversleeping, night waking, difficulty falling asleep. Although both of male and female are believe that social networks can support in making lifestyle and behaviour changes, female report getting more value from them compared with male. Also both men and women will seek help from a mental health professional or a psychologist to manage their stress, women are more likely to believe that psychologists can help them to manage stress and make lifestyle and behaviour changes. To concluded, stress management is as important in our daily life, as every people will face stress, mood disorder is become more and more universal in Hong Kong. There are some courses holds in Hong Kong about stress management. Timway Education is an example, such course aim to using a variety of orthodox psychological principles, so that everyone becomes motivated, energetic, use a positive attitude of view to manage pressure. Last but not least, we need to understand that ways always more than problem and we need to face positive. Anyways, if everyone can manage their stress well, they can have a better life. References American Psychological Association.(2012). Stress by Gender Retrieved April 11,2014, from http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2012/gender.aspx?item=2# Appledaily. (2006). 35à ¥Ã… ¸Ã… ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ªÃ‚ ¿Ãƒ ¦Ã… ¸Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã… ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ 25 à ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ²Ã…’à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚  Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ §Retrieved April 11,2014, from http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20060621/6047031 Institute of Mental Health Castle Peak Hospital.(2012). Stress Management Retrieved April 11,2014, from http://www3.ha.org.hk/cph/imh/mhi/article_01_02.asp Peopledaily.(2006).à ©Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ § à ¦Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ˆÃ ¥Ã†â€™Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬ º3.55à ¦Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¡Retrieved April 11,2014, from http://hm.people.com.cn/BIG5/42276/4421460.html Peopledaily.(2012). à ¥Ã‚ £Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã†â€™Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¼Ãƒ ¥-Ã… ¡Ãƒ §Ã‚ ©Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ µÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ¿Ã†â€™Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¸Retrieved April 11,2014, from http://opinion.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/1018/c159301-19303911.html Timway Education.(2014). Stress Management Course Retrieved April 11,2014, from http://edu.timway.com/stress_management_courses.php#aqueryForm

physics essay :: essays research papers

What’s wrong with the Detroit Lions?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is obvious to me that the laws of physics can be applied to the game of football. However, The Detroit Lions may be unaware of this fact. With there current 0-12 record they are on a losing streak that could be placed in the record books. No team has ever lost every single football of their whole season. What an embarrassing way to be placed in the record books. Maybe if they looked at some of the laws of physics they could win a game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passing game for the lions is one area that can be examined. Quarterback Charlie Batch has one of the lowest ratings in the league. He completes a little under 60% of his passes. His average passing yardage is approximately ten yards. Using the knowledge of physics to examine the projectile motion we can help Charlie complete more passes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Let’s look at what we know:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Charlie is about 2 meters tall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. His average pass is ten yards or 9 meters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. He’s throwing with parabolic trajectory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. We will use the equations:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The velocity in the horizontal direction (Vx)= The initial velocity (Vi) cos (the angle)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The velocity in the vertical direction (Vy)= The initial velocity (Vi) sin (the angle)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The distance in the horizontal direction (x)= The velocity in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  horizontal direction (Vx) multiplied by The time (t).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gravity is always equal to -9.8m/s squared.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the equations we can say that the initial velocity could be Charlie’s problem. Say Charlie always passes with an angle of 20 degrees so that it isn’t easy for the other team to intercept the pass. This kind of pass would usually takes 2 seconds to get the receiver. This means that Charlie’s average pass of 9 meters needs and initial velocity of 11m/s to get to the receiver. If any of these things don’t work out, or say, Charlie changes his passing angle, the pass will probably be incomplete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kicking the football can also be an aspect of the game that could improve for the lions. Two weeks ago, Jason Hanson missed 3 field goals. Kicking field goals can be examined from a physics perspective. The football will follow the same parabolic trajectory as passing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using the Same Equations we can determine the initial velocity needed to make his average 23 meter kick. He usually kicks with an average 40 degree angle. Also it takes 3 seconds for the kick to go threw the uprights.

Dr Faustus

Doctor Faustus (play) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus Frontispiece to a 1620 printing of Doctor Faustus showing Faustus conjuring Mephistophilis. Written byChristopher Marlowe CharactersDoctor Faustus Chorus Wagner Good Angel Bad Angel Valdes Cornelius Three scholars Lucifer Mephistophilis Robin Beelzebub Seven Deadly Sins Dick Pope Adrian VI Raymond, King of Hungary Bruno Two Cardinals Archbishop of Rheims Friars Vintner Martino Frederick Benvolio Charles V Duke of Saxony Two soldiers Horse courser CarterHostess of a tavern Duke and Duchess of Vanholt Servant Old man MuteDarius Alexander the Great Alexander's Paramour Helen of Troy Devils Piper Date premieredc. 1592 Original languageEnglish GenreTragedy Setting16th century Europe The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, commonly referred to simply as Doctor Faustus, is a play by Christopher Marlowe, based on the Faust story, in which a man sells his soul to the devil for power and knowledge. Doctor Faustus was first published in 1604, eleven years after Marlowe's death and at least twelve years after the first performance of the play. No Elizabethan play outside the Shakespeare canon has raised more controversy than Doctor Faustus. There is no agreement concerning the nature of the text and the date of composition†¦ and the centrality of the Faust legend in the history of the Western world precludes any definitive agreement on the interpretation of the play†¦ â€Å"[1] Contents †¢1 Performance †¢2 Text o2. 1 The two versions o2. 2 Comic scenes †¢3 Sources †¢4 Structure †¢5 Synopsis o5. 1 Faustus learns necromancy o5. 2 The pact with Lucifer o5. 3 Wasting his skills o5. 4 Damnation or salvation o5. 5 The Calvinist/anti-Calvinist controversy 6 Quotations †¢7 Themes and motifs †¢8 Mephistophilis †¢9 Adaptations †¢10 Critical history †¢11 S ee also †¢12 Notes †¢13 References †¢14 External links [edit] Performance The Admiral's Men performed Doctor Faustus twenty-five times in the three years between October 1594 and October 1597. On 22 November 1602, the Diary of Philip Henslowe recorded a ? 4 payment to Samuel Rowley and William Bird for additions to the play, which suggests a revival soon after that date. [2] The powerful effect of the early productions is indicated by the legends that quickly accrued around them.In Histriomastix, his 1632 polemic against the drama, William Prynne records the tale that actual devils once appeared on the stage during a performance of Faustus, â€Å"to the great amazement of both the actors and spectators†. Some people were allegedly driven mad, â€Å"distracted with that fearful sight†. John Aubrey recorded a related legend, that Edward Alleyn, lead actor of The Admiral's Men, devoted his later years to charitable endeavors, like the founding of Dulwich Co llege, in direct response to this incident. [3] [edit] TextThe play may have been entered into the Stationers' Register on 18 December 1592—though the records are confused, and appear to indicate a conflict over the rights to the play. A subsequent Stationers' Register entry, dated 7 January 1601, assigns the play to the bookseller Thomas Bushnell, the publisher of the 1604 first edition. Bushnell transferred his rights to the play to John Wright on 13 September 1610. [4] [edit] The two versions Two versions of the play exist: 1. The 1604 quarto, printed by Valentine Simmes for Thomas Law; sometimes termed the A text.The title page attributes the play to â€Å"Ch. Marl. â€Å". A second edition (A2) in 1609, printed by George Eld for John Wright, is merely a reprint of the 1604 text. The text is short for an English Renaissance play, only 1485 lines long. 2. The 1616 quarto, published by John Wright, the enlarged and altered text; sometimes called the B text. This second te xt was reprinted in 1619, 1620, 1624, 1631, and as late as 1663. The 1616 version omits 36 lines but adds 676 new lines, making it roughly one third longer than the 1604 version.Among the lines shared by both versions, there are some small but significant changes in wording; for example, â€Å"Never too late, if Faustus can repent† in the 1604 text becomes â€Å"Never too late, if Faustus will repent† in the 1616 text, a change that offers a very different possibility for Faustus's hope and repentance. A major change between texts A and B is the name of the devil summoned by Faustus. Text A states the name is generally â€Å"Mephastophilis†, while the version of text B commonly states â€Å"Mephostophilis†. 5] The name of the devil is in each case a reference to Mephistopheles in Faustbuch, the source work, which appeared in English translation in about 1588. [6][7] The relationship between the texts is uncertain and many modern editions print both. As an Elizabethan playwright, Marlowe had nothing to do with the publication and had no control over the play in performance, so it was possible for scenes to be dropped or shortened, or for new scenes to be added, so that the resulting publications may be modified versions of the original script.The 1604 version is believed by most scholars to be closer to the play as originally performed in Marlowe's lifetime, and the 1616 version to be a posthumous adaptation by other hands. However, some disagree, seeing the 1604 version as an abbreviation and the 1616 version as Marlowe's original fuller version. [edit] Comic scenes In the past, it was assumed that the comic scenes were additions by other writers. However, most scholars today consider the comic interludes, whoever wrote them, an integral part of the play. [8][9] Their tone shows the change in Faustus's ambitions, suggesting Marlowe did oversee the composition of them. citation needed] The clown is seen as the archetype for comic rel ief. [citation needed] [edit] Sources Doctor Faustus is based on an older tale; it is believed to be the first dramatization of the Faust legend. [6] Some scholars[10] believe that Marlowe developed the story from a popular 1592 translation, commonly called The English Faust Book. [11] There is thought to have been an earlier, lost, German edition of 1587, which itself may have been influenced by even earlier, equally unpreserved pamphlets in Latin, such as those that likely inspired Jacob Bidermann's treatment of the damnation of the doctor of Paris, Cenodoxus (1602).Several soothsayers or necromancers of the late fifteenth century adopted the name Faustus, a reference to the Latin for â€Å"favoured† or â€Å"auspicious†; typical was Georgius Faustus Helmstetensis, calling himself astrologer and chiromancer, who was expelled from the town of Ingolstadt for such practices. Subsequent commentators have identified this individual as the prototypical Faustus of the legen d. [12] Whatever the inspiration, the development of Marlowe's play is very faithful to the Faust Book especially in the way it mixes comedy with tragedy. citation needed] However, Marlowe also introduced some changes to make it more original. Here, he made three main additions in the play: †¢Faustus's soliloquy in the Act 1 on the vanity of human science †¢Good and Bad Angels †¢substitution of Seven Deadly Sins for a pageant of Devils He also emphasized his intellectual aspirations and curiosity and minimized the vices in the character of Faustus to lend a Renaissance aura to the story. [edit] Structure The play is in blank verse and prose in thirteen scenes (1604) or twenty scenes (1616).Blank verse is largely reserved for the main scenes while prose is used in the comic scenes. Modern texts divide the play into five acts; act 5 being the shortest. As in many Elizabethan plays, there is a chorus that does not interact with the other characters but rather provides an introduction and conclusion to the play and gives an introduction to the events that have unfolded at the beginning of some acts. Along with history and language style, scholars have critiqued and analyzed the structure of Doctor Faustus and its effects on the play as a whole. Leonard H.Frey wrote a document entitled â€Å"In the Opening and Close of Doctor Faustus,† which mainly focuses on Faustus’s opening and closing soliloquies. He stresses the importance of the soliloquies in the play, saying: â€Å"the soliloquy, perhaps more than any other dramatic device, involved the audience in an imaginative concern with the happenings on stage†. [13] By having Doctor Faustus deliver these soliloquies at the beginning and end of the play, the focus is drawn to his inner thoughts and feelings about succumbing to the devil. The soliloquies have parallel concepts.In the introductory soliloquy, Faustus begins by pondering the fate of his life and what he wants his career to be. He ends his soliloquy with the solution and decision to give his soul to the devil. Similarly in the closing soliloquy, Faustus begins pondering, and finally comes to terms with the fate he created for himself. Frey also explains: â€Å"The whole pattern of this final soliloquy is thus a grim parody of the opening one, where decision is reached after, not prior to, the survey†. [14] [edit] Synopsis [edit] Faustus learns necromancy As a prologue, the Chorus tells us what type of play Doctor Faustus is.It is not about war and courtly love, but about Faustus, who was born of lower class parents. This can be seen as a departure from the medieval tradition; Faustus holds a lower status than kings and saints, but his story is still worth telling. It gives an introduction to his wisdom and abilities, most notably in academia, in which he excels so tremendously that he is awarded a doctorate. During this opening, we also get our first clue to the source of Faustus's downfall. Faustus's tale is likened to that of Icarus, who flew too close to the sun and fell to his death when the sun melted his waxen wings.This is indeed a hint to Faustus's end as well as bringing our attention to the idea of hubris (excessive pride) which is represented in the Icarus story. Faustus comments that he has reached the end of every subject he has studied. He appreciates Logic as being a tool for arguing; Medicine as being unvalued unless it allowed raising the dead and immortality; Law as being upstanding and above him; Divinity as useless because he feels that all humans commit sin, and thus to have sins punishable by death complicates the logic of Divinity. He dismisses it as â€Å"What doctrine call you this?Que sera, sera† (What will be, shall be). He calls upon his servant Wagner to bring forth Valdes and Cornelius, two famous magicians. The Good Angel and the Bad Angel dispense their own perspective of his interest in Satan. Though Faustus is momentarily dissua ded, proclaiming â€Å"How am I glutted with conceit of this? â€Å", he is apparently won over by the possibilities Magic offers to him. Valdes declares that if Faustus devotes himself to Magic, he must vow not to study anything else and points out that great things are indeed possible with someone of Faustus's standing.Faustus's absence is noted by two scholars who are less accomplished than Faustus himself. They request that Wagner reveal Faustus's present location, a request which Wagner haughtily denies. The two scholars worry about Faustus falling deep into the art of Magic and leave to inform the King. Faustus summons a devil, in the presence of Lucifer and other devils although Faustus is unaware of it. After creating a magic circle and speaking an incantation in which he revokes his baptism, Faustus sees a devil named Mephistophilis appear before him.Faustus is unable to tolerate the hideous looks of the devil and commands it to change its appearance. Faustus, in seeing t he obedience of the devil (for changing form), takes pride in his skill. He tries to bind the devil to his service but is unable to because Mephistophilis already serves Lucifer, the prince of devils. Mephistophilis also reveals that it was not Faustus's power that summoned him but rather that if anyone abjures the scriptures it results in the Devil coming to claim their soul.Mephistophilis introduces the history of Lucifer and the other devils while indirectly telling Faustus that hell has no circumference and is more of a state of mind than a physical location. Faustus inquiries into the nature of hell lead to Mephistophilis saying: â€Å"Oh, Faustus, leave these frivolous demands, which strikes a terror to my fainting soul†. [edit] The pact with Lucifer Using Mephistophilis as a messenger, Faustus strikes a deal with Lucifer: he is to be allotted twenty-four years of life on Earth, during which time he will have Mephistophilis as his personal servant.At the end he will giv e his soul over to Lucifer as payment and spend the rest of time as one damned to Hell. This deal is to be sealed in Faustus's own blood. After cutting his arm, the wound is divinely healed and the Latin words â€Å"Homo, fuge! † (Flee, man! ) then appear upon it. Despite the dramatic nature of this divine intervention, Faustus disregards the inscription with the assertion that he is already damned by his actions thus far and therefore left with no place to which he could flee. Mephistophilis brings coals to break the wound open again, and thus Faustus is able to take his oath that was written in his own blood. edit] Wasting his skills Faustus begins by asking Mephistophilis a series of science-related questions. However, the devil seems to be quite evasive and finishes with a Latin phrase, â€Å"Per inoequalem motum respectu totius† (â€Å"through unequal motion with respect to the whole thing†). This sentence has not the slightest scientific value, thus giving the impression that Mephistophilis is untrustworthy. Two angels, one good and one bad, appear to Faustus: the good angel urges him to repent and revoke his oath to Lucifer.This is the largest fault of Faustus throughout the play: he is blind to his own salvation. Though he is told initially by Mephistophilis to â€Å"leave these frivolous demands†, Faustus remains set on his soul's damnation. Lucifer brings to Faustus the personification of the seven deadly sins. Faustus fails to see them as warnings and ignores them. From this point until the end of the play, Faustus does nothing worthwhile, having begun his pact with the attitude that he would be able to do anything. Faustus appears to scholars and warns them that he is damned and will not be long on the earth.He gives a speech about how he is damned and eventually seems to repent for his deeds. Mephistophilis comes to collect his soul, and we are told that he exits back to hell with him. [edit] Damnation or salvation The text leaves Faustus's final confrontation with Mephistophilis offstage, and his final fate obvious. The scene following begins with Faustus's friends discovering his clothes strewn about the stage: from this they conclude that Faustus was damned. However, his friends decide to give him a final party, a religious ceremony that hints at salvation.The discovery of the clothes is a scene present only in the later ‘B text' of the play — in the earlier version of the play devils carry Faustus off the stage. [15] [edit] The Calvinist/anti-Calvinist controversy The theological implications of Doctor Faustus have been the subject of considerable debate throughout the last century. Among the most complicated points of contention is whether the play supports or challenges the Calvinist doctrine of absolute predestination, which dominated the lectures and writings of many English scholars in the latter half of the sixteenth century.According to Calvin, predestination meant that God , acting of his own free will, elects some people to be saved and others to be damned — thus, the individual has no control over his own ultimate fate. This doctrine was the source of great controversy because it was seen by the so-called anti-Calvinists to limit man's free will in regard to faith and salvation, and to present a dilemma in terms of theodicy. At the time Doctor Faustus was performed, this doctrine was on the rise in England, and under the direction of Puritan theologians at Cambridge and Oxford had come to be considered the orthodox position of the Church of England. 16] Nevertheless, it remained the source of vigorous and, at times, heated debate between Calvinist scholars, such as William Whitaker and William Perkins, and anti-Calvinists, such as William Barrett and Peter Baro. [17] The dispute between these Cambridge intellectuals had quite nearly reached its zenith by the time Marlowe was a student there in the 1580s, and likely would have influenced him d eeply, as it did many of his fellow students. [18] Concerning the fate of Faustus, the Calvinist concludes that his damnation was inevitable.His rejection of God and subsequent inability to repent are taken as evidence that he never really belonged to the elect, but rather had been predestined from the very beginning for reprobation. In his Chiefe Points of Christian Religion, Theodore Beza, the successor to John Calvin, describes the category of sinner into which Faustus would most likely have been cast: To conclude, they which are most miserable of all, those climb a degree higher, that their fall might be more grievous: for they are raised so high by some gift of grace, that they are little moved with some taste of he heavenly gift: so that for the time they seem to have received the seed†¦ But this is plain, that the spirit of adoption, which we have said to be only proper unto them which are never cast forth, but are written in the secret of God's people, is never communic ated to them, for were they of the elect they should remain still with the elect. All these therefore (because of necessity, and yet willingly, as they which are under the slavery of sin, return to their vomit, and fall away from faith) are plucked up by the roots, to be cast into the fire. 19] For the Calvinist, Faustus represents the worst kind of sinner, having tasted the heavenly gift and rejected it. His damnation is justified and deserved because he was never truly adopted among the elect. According to this view, the play demonstrates Calvin's â€Å"three-tiered concept of causation,† in which the damnation of Faustus is first willed by God, then by Satan, and finally, by himself. 20] As Calvin himself explains it in his Institutes of Christian Religion: We see therefore that it is no absurdity, that one self act be ascribed to God, to Satan, and to man: but the diversity in the end and manner of doing, causeth that therein appeareth the justice of God to be without fau lt, and also the wickedness of Satan and man, bewrayeth itself to their reproach. [21] The anti-Calvinist view, however, finds such thinking repugnant, and prefers to interpret Doctor Faustus as a criticism of such doctrines.One of the greatest critics of Calvinism in Marlowe's day was Peter Baro, who argued that such teachings fostered despair among believers, rather than repentance among sinners. He claimed, in fact, that Calvinism created a theodical dilemma: What shall we say then? That this question so long debated of the Philosophers, most wise men, and yet undetermined, cannot even of Divines, and men endued with heavenly wisdom, be discussed and decided? And that God hath in this case laid a crosse upon learned men, wherein they might perpetually torment themselves? I cannot so think. 22] Baro recognized the threat of despair which faced the Protestant church if it did not come to an agreement of how to understand the fundamentals. For him, the Calvinists were overcomplicati ng the issues of faith and repentance, and thereby causing great and unnecessary confusion among struggling believers. Faustus himself confesses a similar sentiment regarding predestination: â€Å"The reward of sin is death. † That's hard. †¦ â€Å"If we say that we have no sin, We deceive ourselves, and there's no truth in us. † Why then belike we must sin, And so consequently die.Ay, we must die an everlasting death. What doctrine call you this? Che sera, sera, â€Å"What will be, shall be†? Divinity, adieu! [23] Ultimately, however, the theology of Marlowe and the text of Doctor Faustus remain far too ambiguous for any kind of conclusive interpretation. [edit] Quotations Faustus includes a well-known speech addressed to the summoned shade of Helen of Troy, in Act V, scene I. The following is from the Gutenberg project e-text of the 1604 quarto (with footnotes removed). Faustus â€Å"Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships, And burnt the topless towers of Ilium–Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss. — †[kisses her]† Her lips suck forth my soul: see, where it flies! — Come, Helen, come, give me my soul again. Here will I dwell, for heaven is in these lips, And all is dross that is not Helena. I will be Paris, and for love of thee, Instead of Troy, shall Wertenberg be sack'd; And I will combat with weak Menelaus, And wear thy colours on my plumed crest; Yea, I will wound Achilles in the heel, And then return to Helen for a kiss. O, thou art fairer than the evening air Clad in the beauty of a thousand stars; Brighter art thou than flaming JupiterWhen he appear'd to hapless Semele; More lovely than the monarch of the sky In wanton Arethusa's azur'd arms; And none but thou shalt be my paramour! † Excerpts from this speech appear in the film Shakespeare in Love and the Star Trek episode â€Å"The Squire of Gothos†; it also served as inspiration for the title of Volume 1 of the po pular Age of Bronze comic book. Another well-known quote comes after Faustus asks Mephistophilis how he is out of Hell, to which Mephistophilis replies: â€Å"Why this is hell, nor am I out of it. Think'st thou that I, who saw the face of God,And tasted the eternal joys of heaven, Am not tormented with ten thousand hells In being deprived of everlasting bliss? † This quote comes from a translation of Saint John Chrysostom, and implies that Mephistophilis has both a deep knowledge of God and a desire to return to heaven. [edit] Themes and motifs One theme in Doctor Faustus is sin. Throughout the play, Faustus is continuously making wrong choices. His first sin was greed. Faustus began his downfall by making a pact with the devil. Doctor Faustus is a German scholar who is well known for his accomplishments.He grows sick of the limitations on human knowledge, which leads him to his interest with magic. [24] Faustus summons a demon, Mephistophilis, ordering him to go to Lucifer w ith the offer of Faustus’s soul in return for twenty-four years of servitude from Mephistophilis. At the news of acceptance from Lucifer, Faustus begins his years filled with sinful nature. Faustus feeds sin with his need for power, praise, and trickery. [25] He becomes absorbed in the way people look up to him, believing him to be a sort of ‘hero’. In the end, Faustus realizes his mistake in believing power will bring him happiness.At the end of his twenty-four years, Faustus is filled with fear and he becomes remorseful for his past actions, yet this comes too late. When fellow scholars find Faustus the next morning, he is torn limb from limb, with his soul carried off to hell. In terms of historical context, a major thematic idea is that related to knowledge and the quest for it. With Enlightenment thinkers demonstrating the extent to which the sciences and rational speculation could inform human knowledge of the cosmos and other pressing mysteries of the age, Marlowe presents the idea of hubris which undamentally relates to the search for knowledge in a religious age. Marlowe also draws significant attention to feelings experienced both by himself and other thinkers of his time: the unsatisfying nature of the answers found as part of this quest and the impossibility of learning everything in a lifetime as brief as that of a human. Satanism and death are also prevalent themes. Marlowe sets the story in Wittenburg, Germany with Faustus selling his soul to the devil and declaring his servitude to Satan, Mephistophilis: â€Å"I am a servant to great Lucipher and may not follow thee without his leave.No more than he commands we must perform† (p 13 line 39-41). Marlowe shows throughout the play that his vow to forever be a servant of Satan negatively affects his life and how had he known what he was getting into, then he would never have made a deal with the devil. Magic is also a motif that plays a major role in Dr. Faustus. Faustusâ €™s downfall began with his love of knowledge, which leads for his need to use magic. Faustus loves the praise that he gets when people view him as a ‘genius’, which supports his need to have ‘special powers’. 26] Faustus enjoys playing tricks on people by using his powers, and even goes so far as to use his powers on a dragon. He summons demons with magic, and later brings Helen of Troy to comfort him in his final hours. The use of magic is a show of Faustus’s ‘demoralization’. He no longer wants to be a mere mortal†¦ he wants to be as powerful as the devil himself. [27] One of the most apparent themes in Doctor Faustus is the battle between good and evil. At the beginning of the play, Faustus finds himself torn between good and evil, knowing the distinction and consequences of the two, but overwhelmed by his desire for worldly pleasures.Faustus’s desire for mortal satisfaction is personified through the seven deadly sin s who all speak to him and tempt him. Nicholas Kiessling explains how Faustus’s sins brings about his own damnation, saying: â€Å"Faustus’s indulgence in sensual diversions, for, once being committed to the pact with Satan, Faustus partakes of the sop of sensuality to blot out his fears of impending damnation†[28] Another illustration of Faustus’s battle between good and evil is shown through the good and evil angels which try to influence his decisions and behavior.Kiessling says, â€Å"Although Faustus does not heed the plea, Marlowe very evidently implies that the chance for redemption still exists†. [29] Although Faustus recognizes the consequences of choosing to listen to the evil spirit over the good spirit, he cannot resist the temptations of the devil and the worldly and mortal pleasures he offers. [edit] Mephistophilis Mephistophilis is a demon which Faustus conjures up while first using his magical powers. Readers initially feel sympathy for the demon when he attempts to dissuade Faustus from giving his soul to Lucifer.Mephistophilis gives Faustus a description of hell and the continuous horrors it possesses. He wants Faustus to know what he is getting himself into before going through with the plan. â€Å"Think’st thou that I who saw the face of God And tasted the eternal joy of heaven Am not tormented with ten thousand hells In being deprived of everlasting bliss? O Faustus, leave these frivolous demands Which strikes a terror to my fainting soul! † [30] Sadly, his attempts fail with Faustus believing that supernatural powers were worth more than a lifetime in hell. Say he (Faustus) surrender up to him (Lucifer) his soul So he will spare him four and twenty years, Letting him live in all voluptuousness Having thee (Mephistophilis) ever to attend on me† (Marlowe 15) Some scholars argue that Mephistophilis depicts the sorrow that comes with separation from God. Mephistophilis is foreshadowing th e pain Faustus would have to endure, should he go through with his plan. [31] In this facet, Faustus can be likened to Icarus, whose insatiable ambition was the source of his misery and the cause of his plight. [edit] AdaptationsThe play was adapted for the screen in 1967 by Richard Burton and Nevill Coghill, who based the film on an Oxford University Dramatic Society production in which Burton starred opposite Elizabeth Taylor as Helen of Troy. A stage production at the Greenwich Theatre in London in 2009, which was directed by Elizabeth Freestone and which starred Tim Treolar as Mephistopheles and Gareth Kennerley as Faustus, was filmed for DVD release by Stage on Screen. It played in repertoire with School for Scandal. [edit] Critical history Doctor Faustus has raised much controversy due to its interaction with the demonic realm. 32] Before Marlowe, there were few authors who ventured into this kind of writing. After his play, other authors began to expand on their views of the spiritual world and how quickly and easily man can fall. [33] [edit] See also †¢Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris, line from the play, commonly translated as â€Å"misery loves company† †¢Faust †¢Deal with the Devil [edit] Notes 1. ^ Logan and Smith, p. 14. 2. ^ Chambers, Vol. 3, p. 423. 3. ^ Chambers, Vol. 3, pp. 423-4. 4. ^ Chambers, Vol. 3, p. 422. 5. ^ Bevington, David M; Rasmussen, Eric (1962).Doctor Faustus A- and B- texts (1604, 1616): Christopher Marlowe and his collaborator and revisers. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. p. xi. ISBN 0-7190-1643-6. 6. ^ a b Christian, Paul; Nichols, Ross (translator); (1952). The History and Practice of Magic 1. London: Forge Press. p. 428. â€Å"The name has many forms: Marlowe writes Mephistophilis†¦ † 7. ^ Jones, John Henry (1994). The English Faust Book, a critical edition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-42087-7. 8. ^ Tromly, Frederic (1998). â €Å"Damnation as tantalization†.Playing with desire: Christopher Marlowe and the art of tantalization. University of Toronto Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8020-4355-9. 9. ^ Cantor, Paul A (2004). â€Å"The contract from hell†. In Heffernan, William C. ; Kleinig, John. Private and public corruption. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-7425-3492-6. 10. ^ Leo Ruickbie, Faustus: The Life and Times of a Renaissance Magician (The History Press, 2009), p. 15 11. ^ The History of the damnable life, and deserved death of Doctor Iohn Faustus by P. F. , Gent, 12. ^ Keefer, Michael (2008). Introduction†. Doctor Faustus: a critical edition. Ontario: Broadview. pp. 67–8. 13. ^ Frey, Leonard H. â€Å"ANTITHETICAL BALANCE IN THE OPENING AND CLOSE OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS. † Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Saint Louis University, Saint Louis. 26 Mar. 2009 p350 14. ^ (352) 15. ^ Bevington; Rasmussen (1962: 46) 16. ^ p. 157. Milward, Peter. Religious Controversie s of the Elizabethan Age: A Survey of Printed Sources. University of Nebraska Press, 1977. 17. ^ p. 157-163. Milward. 18. ^ p. 249. Princiss, G. M. â€Å"Marlowe's Cambridge Years and the Writing of Doctor Faustus. Studies in English Literature 33. 2 (1993). 19. ^ 5. 5. Beza, Theodore. â€Å"A Brief Declaration of the Chief Points of Christian Religion Set Forth in a Table. † 1575. Early English Books Online. 10 2 2007. http://eebo. chadwyck. com. 20. ^ p. 292. Stachniewski, John. The Persecutory Imagination: English Puritanism and the Literature of Religious Despair. Oxford University Press, 1991. 21. ^ 2. 4. 2. Calvin, John. â€Å"The Institutes of Christian Religion. † 1585. Early English Books Online. 10 2 2007. http://eebo. chadwyck. com. 22. ^ p. 510. Hyperius, Andreas. A Special Treatise of God's Providence With an Appendix by Peter Baro. † 1588. Early English Books Online. 10 2 2007. http://eebo. chadwyck. com. 23. ^ 1. 1. 44-50. 24. ^ (Fetzer, John. Per ceptions of Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus : criticism 1947-1992 . New York City: Camden House , 1996. ) 25. ^ (Fetzer 21) 26. ^ (Kiessling , Nicolas . â€Å"Doctor Faustus and the Sin of Demoniality . † Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 15(1975): 205-211) 27. ^ (Kiessling, 207) 28. ^ (Kiessling, Nicolas. â€Å"Doctor Faustus and the Sin of Demoniality. † Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Saint Louis University. 6 Mar. 2009 p205). 29. ^ (207) 30. ^ (Marlowe 14) 31. ^ (Snydre, Susan. â€Å"Marlowe's Doctor Faustus as an Inverted Saint's Life. † Studies in Philology 63(1966): 565-577. ) 32. ^ (Hamlin , William M. . â€Å"Casting Doubt in Marlowe's Doctor Faustus. † Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 (2001): 257-275. ) 33. ^ (Hamlin, 258). [edit] References †¢Chambers, E. K. The Elizabethan Stage. 4 Volumes, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1923. †¢Logan, Terence P. , and Denzell S. Smith, eds. The Predecessors of Shakespeare: A Survey and Bibliogr aphy of Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama.Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 1973. [edit] External links Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Tragedy of Doctor Faustus †¢The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus librivox. org audio †¢1616 quarto online †¢The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus From the Quarto of 1604 by Christopher Marlowe at Project Gutenberg †¢The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus From the Quarto of 1616 by Christopher Marlowe at Project Gutenberg †¢Doctor Faustus (play) at the Internet Broadway Database †¢v †¢t †¢e Christopher Marlowe Plays †¢Dido, Queen of Carthage Tamburlaine the Great, Parts One and Two †¢The Jew of Malta †¢Doctor Faustus †¢Edward II †¢The Massacre at Paris Poems †¢Lucan's Pharsalia †¢Ovid's Elegies †¢The Passionate Shepherd to His Love †¢Hero and Leander People†¢Thomas Nashe †¢Philip Henslowe †¢Thomas Heywood †¢Ingram Frizer †¢Eleanor Bull †¢Nicholas Skeres †¢Robert Poley †¢George Chapman †¢Edward Alleyn Fictional representations†¢Marlowe (Rost) †¢The School of Night (Whelan) †¢Tamburlaine Must Die (Welsh) †¢A Dead Man in Deptford (Burgess) †¢It Was Marlowe (Zeigler) †¢Kit Marlowe (David Grimm) †¢The Marlowe Papers (Ros Barber)Adaptations†¢Edward II (Jarman) †¢The Life of Edward II of England (Brecht and Feuchtwanger) †¢The Massacre at Paris (Murphy) Miscellaneous†¢English Renaissance theatre †¢Blank verse †¢Admiral's Men †¢Shakespeare authorship question †¢Marlovian theory †¢Lust's Dominion (attributed play, rejected) Retrieved from â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Doctor_Faustus_(play)&oldid=540445519† Categories: †¢1590s plays †¢1604 plays †¢Plays by Christopher Marlowe †¢English Renaissance plays †¢Works based on the Faust l egend Hidden categories: †¢All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011 †¢Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009 Navigation menu Personal tools †¢Create account †¢Log in Namespaces †¢Article †¢Talk Variants Views †¢Read †¢Edit †¢View history Actions Search Navigation †¢Main page †¢Contents †¢Featured content †¢Current events †¢Random article †¢Donate to Wikipedia Interaction †¢Help †¢About Wikipedia †¢Community portal †¢Recent changes †¢Contact Wikipedia Toolbox †¢What links here †¢Related changes †¢Upload file †¢Special pages †¢Permanent link †¢Page information †¢Cite this pagePrint/export †¢Create a book †¢Download as PDF †¢Printable version Languages †¢Deutsch †¢Espanol †¢Francais †¢Italiano †¢ †¢Latina †¢ †¢Norsk bokmal †¢Portug ues †¢Svenska †¢ †¢Edit links †¢This page was last modified on 26 February 2013 at 01:40. †¢Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. 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Penny in the Dust

Penny in the Dust In the short story â€Å"Penny in the Dust† by Ernest Bucker, we see a father-son relationship. Three points that I will be discussing are: Pete and his qualities, the conflict, and the relationship Pete and his father have. In this story we see a weak father and son relationship in the starting, which becomes better and stronger. First of all, Pete is a 7-year old boy who learns how much his father loves him. Pete is softhearted boy who loves his father more than a 7-year old boy would. Pete is also an inarticulate child who is unable to tell his father his feeling for him.Another quality Pete has is that he is very sensitive person. We see this when he cried after losing the penny. One quote that shows that Pete is inarticulate is when he states, â€Å"Oh thanks† I said. Nothing more. I couldn’t expose any of my eagerness either. † after he receives the penny. This shows Pete wanted to say something, but didn’t know how. Pete is s ofthearted, inarticulate, and sensitive boy who wants to show his love for his dad, but is unable to. In addition, Pete and his father are unable to tell one another how much they love each other.We can see the theme throughout the story; one example is when the father was unable to give the penny to his son. He had to wait till it caught Pete’s attention, and then give it. The conflict affects Pete, because he wants to tell his father everything he imagines, but doesn’t know how. An example of the conflict affecting Pete is when he is unable to tell the whole story about him losing the penny. Also another example is when Pete and his father were farming, he was unable to tell his father his opinions. He couldn’t tell his father if he wanted three rows or four rows, or if he could put him up on the oxen.I think the conflict is believable, because the Father is inarticulate while his son is very imaginative. So it can get awkward when they are talking to each oth er. Both the father and son were affected by the conflict, but in the end they were able to make an emotional connection. Lastly is the theme, which is the relationship between the father and son. The father-son relationship is important, because Pete and his father learn a lot more about each other than before. The relationship starts off weak, but ends up strong. At first Pete was unable to tell his dad how he lost the penny.He said, â€Å"If father hadn’t been there I might have told her the whole story. † In the end when the father finds the penny, Pete is able to tell the whole story to him. Also for the first time, his father had tears in his eyes, and also put his arm around Pete. In fact, the theme can be observed through Pete’s actions. He is always reluctant talking to his dad, and doesn’t really communicate with him. At the outset of the story, Pete doesn’t have much of a relationship with his dad, but upon losing the penny and then look ing for it with his dad, he develops one.Accordingly, he also becomes more open and able to talk to his dad. Finally, Pete discovers that his father does love him. The theme is important for both the father and Pete, because in the beginning they have a weak relationship, but in the end they develop a better one. Now they know each other better and can support one another. Father and son relationships are still important, because if you don’t have a relationship than you will be unable to understand and support one another. Also when you are older you will be able to make a better relationship with you children.In short, the theme and characters are important, because it will impact their life and possibly everyone around them. In conclusion, we should all have a good relationship with our family, so it can benefit us in the future. In this story we see Pete as a softhearted, inarticulate and sensitive boy, he also is timid to sharing his feeling of his dad to him. Also in th e end we see a strong father-son relationship forming. In brief, in the story we see a small relationship between the father and son, but it evolves to become a better and stronger bond. By: Manraj Sangha

Do Soap Operas reflect life in the 21st Century? Essay

Soap operas are very popular. All ages watch soaps, from young children to retired grandparents. People are interested in soaps because they reflect life in the 21st century. They reflect life in the 21st century by making the characters seem real and by making he setting like an average town or part of town. I think that soaps are popular because they offer a chance for people to escape from the real world. Soaps make peoples problems seem small. People think that their problems can never be as bad as peoples problems in soaps because characters in soaps have such extreme problems which makes people feel a little better about themselves. Another reason that people like soaps is because it conveys society in a dramatic way, they cut out all of the small talk and everyday routines which nobody is interested in. Most people are interested in other peoples business and know that soaps aren’t real. The way soaps are made give it some reality so watching soaps is the same as knowing other peoples business but soaps mix the extreme with everyday life. As the soap characters problems are dramatic and usually major, people become absorbed into the story and soaps usually finish with a cliffhanger, which leaves you with half a story so that you will have to watch the next episode(s) to find out how the story ends. Soaps have many different characteristics, which are peculiar such as the fact that the show is ongoing; the only repeats are on channels such as UK gold. The characters have peculiar characteristics too. The characters are extreme. They are extremely nice people in soaps and then there are evil people. The characters also forget things very quickly. Things that happened two months ago aren’t mentioned now. Soaps are like a microcosm, the problems are bigger than usual and more focused on. The characters problems are also never ending, as soon as one ends another begins or a new problem arises at the worst possible time. Compared to a drama there are no central characters, a few peripheral characters, and the setting is always the same, there is no travelling outside the setting. I think that soaps for fill a social purpose because when people watch sops they know that they don’t want some of the things that happen on soaps to happen to them. People may subconsciously receive messages about life, for example teenage pregnancy. If a teenager has seen the consequences of unsafe sex perhaps they won’t make the same mistake. On the other hand people may think that things that happen in soaps can never happen to them. The language in Eastenders tries to be realistic. Because it is a soap this is impossible to make it the same as real life speech. The reasons for this are time and the fact that it would make the soaps boring. People in soaps don’t talk about the weather because it’s not what people want to hear. Characters in soaps don’t stutter or hesitate because it wastes time as there is only half-hour to squeeze everything in. Characters don’t swear as much as they would in real life because of the time it is shown. The way soaps try to be realistic is by using some slang, having background noise and the use of accents although some accents are obviously put on, It also isn’t very realistic because speech is very structured. Everybody has immediate responses in soaps and that isn’t how the real world works. Different soaps are aimed at different people but generally speaking soaps are aimed at teenagers and families. I can tell this because of the times soaps are shown at, the characters in soaps and the issues in soaps. There are all sorts of characters in Eastenders and issues about teens and about adults. It is on after people get home from work but before children go to bed. This information shows that Eastenders is a family soap. Soaps change with the times so I can see changes in soaps in the future. Soaps change because the world changes. The big issues in the world are reflected in soaps so as the world’s problems change, soaps change. Soaps can also teach us morals such as things can only get better. Characters in soaps are strong teaching us to be strong. When bad things happen to bad characters its showing us that people get their just desserts. I think that soaps can’t really affect our lives unless you are easily influenced but it can affect our lives in the way I mentioned earlier. It can make us more aware of problems and make us not want to be in that situation. Since working on this my attitude towards soaps has changed a little. I’m not a big fan of soaps but doing this essay has made me a little interested in soaps. This may be because I’m more aware of what goes on in soaps. In my opinion soaps do reflect life in the 21st century because they have the same problems as real life people but it isn’t realistic because if it were too real people wouldn’t be interested. This is why the characters are more extreme and why there are a lot more problems for one character than in real life.

The role of the human resources Director in a multi-national company Essay

The role of the human resources Director in a multi-national company - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that organizations worldwide often strive for high performance through well-laid strategies. However, it is technology and wise decisions that often influence several factors which are essential in managing global virtual teams. Global virtual teams often operate through enhanced communication and enhanced technology. Team participation and conflict management equally form part of improving leadership in areas such as Asia and Europe. Demonstrating effective leadership as a Human Resources Director (HRD) when working for a multi-national company requires skill and competence in order to attain maximum success. It begins with a display of leadership steps that are suited for a corporate culture especially when operating in offices based Asia and Europe. Therefore, it is vital to understand the operation of global virtual teams in relation to the existing culture and different time zones in such markets. Second, mapping out ways of gaining a strategic advantage is critical because it enables the organization to use a combination of other factors that include the application of theories and principles of teamwork. Additionally, leveraging on international presence is essential because it increases the chances of attracting more customers. In other words, there is an increase of responsiveness toward transforming hyper-competitive markets that define the overall success.